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Scientific Publications / Calcium & Health - Bone Fractures
Scientific Publications / Calcium & Health - Bone Fractures
Scientific Publications / Calcium & Health - Bone Fractures

   

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Scientific Publications on Calcium and Bone Fractures

NOTE:  The lists share many of the same publications.

  1. Bronner F. Intestinal calcium absorption: Mechanisms and applications. J Nutr 1987;117:1347-1352.
  2. Peng JB, Chen XZ, Berger UV, Vassilev PM, Tsukaguchi H, Brown EM, Hediger MA. Molecular cloning and characterization of a channel-like transporter mediating intestinal calcium absorption. J Biol Chem 1999;274:22739-22746.
  3. Zhuang L, Peng JB, Tou L, Takanaga H, Adam RM, Hediger MA, Freeman MR. Calcium-selective ion channel, CaT1, is apically localized in gastrointestinal tract epithelia and is aberrantly expressed in human malignancies. Lab Invest 2002;82:1755-1764.
  4. Fleet JC, Wood RJ. Specific 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated regulation of transcellular csalcium transport in Caco-2 cells. Am J Physiol 1999;276:G958-G964.
  5. Barger-Lux MJ, Heaney RP, Recker RR. Time course of calcium absorption in humans: Evidence for a colonic component. Calcif Tissue Int 1989;44:308-311.
  6. Cashman K. Prebiotics and calcium bioavailability. Curr Issues Intest Microbiol 2003;4:21-32.
  7. Ireland P, Fordtran JS. Effect of dietary calcium and age on jejunal calcium absorption in humans studied by intestinal perfusion. J Clin Invest 1973;52:2672-2681.
  8. Gallagher JC, Riggs BL, DeLuca HF. Effect of estrogen on calcium absorption and serum vitamin D metabolites in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980;51:1359-1364.
  9. Heaney RP, Saville PD, Recker RR. Calcium absorption as a function of calcium intake. J Lab Clin Med 1975;85:881-890.
  10. Heaney RP, Recker RR, Stegman MR, Moy AJ. Calcium absorption in women: Relationships to calcium intake, estrogen status, and age. J Bone Min Res 1989;4:469-475.
  11. Heaney RP, Weaver CM, Fitzsimmons ML. Influence of calcium load on absorption fraction. J Bone Min Res 1990;5:1135-1138.
  12. Abrams SA, Wen J, Stuff JE. Absorption of calcium, zinc and iron from breast milk by five-to seven-month-old infants. Pediatr Res 1996;39:384-390.
  13. Heaney RP. Effect of calcium on skeletal development, bone loss, and risk of fractures. Am J Med. 1991 Nov 25;91(5B):23S-28S.
  14. Bullamore JR, Wilkinson R, Gallagher JC, Nordin BEC, Marshall DH. Effects of age on calcium absorption. Lancet 1970;ii:535-537.
  15. Wolf RL, Cauley JA, Baker CE, Ferrell RE, Charron M, Caggiula AW, Salamone LM, Heaney RP, Kuller LH. Factors associated with calcium absorption efficiency in pre- and perimenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72):466-471.
  16. Pattanaungkul S, Riggs BL, Yergey AL, Vieira NE, O'Fallon WM, Khosla S. Relationship of intestinal calcium absorption to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] levels in young versus elderly women: Evidence for age-related intestinal resistance to 1,25(OH)2D action. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4023-4027.
  17. Abrams SA, Silber TJ, Esteban NV, Vieira NE, Stuff JE, Meyers R, Majd M, Yergey AL. Mineral balance and bone turnover in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. J Pediatr 1993;123:326-331.
  18. Abrams SA, O'Brien KO, Stuff JE. Changes in calcium kinetics associated with menarche. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:2017-2020.
  19. Farmer ME, White LR, Brody JA, Bailey KR. Race and sex differences in hip fracture incidence. Am J Public Health 1984;74:1374-1380.
  20. Kellie SE, Brody JA. Sex-specific and race-specific hip fracture rates. Am J Pub Health 1990;80:326-328.
  21. Dawson-Hughes B, Harris S, Kramich C, Dallal G, Rasmussen HM. Calcium retention and hormone levels in black and white women on high- and low-calcium diets. J Bone Min Res 1993;8:779-787.
  22. Drinkwater B, Bruemner B, Chestnut C. Menstrual history as a determinant of current bone density in young athletes. JAMA 1990;263:545-548.
  23. Marcus R, Cann C, Madvig P, Minkoff J, Goddard M, Bayer M, Martin M, Gaudiani L, Haskell W, Genant H. Menstrual function and bone mass in elite women distance runners. Endocrine and metabolic features. Ann Intern Med 1985;102:158-163.
  24. Berkelhammer CH, Wood RJ, Sitrin MD. Acetate and hypercalciuria during total parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48:1482-1489.
  25. Sebastian A, Harris ST, Ottaway JH, Todd KM, Morris RC Jr. Improved mineral balance and skeletal metabolism in postmenopausal women treated with potassium bicarbonate. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1776-1781.
  26. Bell NH, Yergey AL, Vieira NE, Oexmann MJ, Shary JR. Demonstration of a difference in urinary calcium, not calcium absorption, in black and white adolescents. J Bone Min Res 1993;8:1111-1115.
  27. Spencer H, Kramer L, Lensiak M, DeBartolo M, Norris C, Osis D. Calcium requirements in humans. Report of original data and a review. Clin Orthop Related Res 1984;184:270-280.
  28. Jackman LA, Millane SS, Martin BR, Wood OB, McCabe GP, Peacock M, Weaver CM. Calcium retention in relation to calcium intake and postmenarcheal age in adolescent females. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:327-333.
  29. Institute of Medicine. Calcium. In: Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1997, chapter IV.
  30. Cooper C, Campion G, Melton LJ. Hip fractures in the elderly: A world-wide projection. Osteoporosis Int 1992;2:285-289.
  31. Riggs BL, Melton LJ. The worldwide problem of osteoporosis: Insights afforded by epidemiology. Bone 1995;17:505S-511S.
  32. Melton LJ, Chrischilles EA, Cooper C, Lane AW, Riggs BL. How many women have osteoporosis? J Bone Min Res 1992;7:1005-1010.
  33. Marottoli RA, Berkman LF, Cooney LM Jr. Decline in physical function following hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992;40:861-866.
  34. Greendale GA, Barrett-Connor E, Ingles S, Haile R. Late physical and functional effects of osteoporotic fracture in women: The Rancho Bernardo Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995;43:955-961.
  35. Laxton C, Freeman C, Todd C, Payne BV, Camilleri-Ferrante C, Palmer C, Parker M, Rushton N. Morbidity at 3 months after hip fracture: Data from the East Anglican audit. Health Trends 1997;29:55-60.
  36. Oden A, Dawson A, Dere W, Johnell O, Jonsson B, Kanis JA. Lifetime risk of hip fracture is underestimated. Osteoporos Int 1998;8:599-603.
  37. Forsen L, Sogaard AJ, Meyer HE, Edna T-H, Kopjar B. Survival after hip fracture: Short- and long-term excess mortality according to age and gender. Osteoporos Int 1999;10:73-78.
  38. Parker MJ, Anand JK. What is the true mortality of hip fractures? Public Health 1991;105:443-446.
  39. Parker MJ, Palmer CR. Prediction of rehabilitation after hip fracture. Age Aging 1995;24:96-98.
  40. Amin S, Felson DT. Osteoporosis in men. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2001;27:19-47.
  41. Campion JM, Maricic MJ. Osteoporosis in men. Am Fam Physician 2003;67:1521-1526.
  42. Kado DM, Browner WS, Palermo L, Nevitt MC, Genant HK, Cummings SR. Vertebral fractures and mortality in older women: A prospective study. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:1215-1220.
  43. Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, Jacobsen SJ, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ. Population-based study of survival after osteoporotic fractures. Am J Epidemiol 1993;137:1001-1005.
  44. Center JR, Nguyen TV, Schneider D, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA. Mortality after all major types of osteoporosis fracture in men and women: An observational study. Lancet 1999;353:878-882.
  45. Heaney RP. Thinking straight about calcium. N Engl J Med 1993;328:503-505.
  46. Cummings SR, Black DM, Nevitt MC, Browner W, Cauley J, Ensrud K, Genant HK, Palermo L, Scott J, Vogt TM. Bone density at various sites for prediction of hip fractures. Lancet 1993;341:72-75.
  47. Melton LJ, Atkinson EA, O'Fallon WM, Wahner HW, Riggs BL. Long-term fracture prediction by bone mineral assessed at different skeletal sites. J Bone Min Res 1993;8:1227-1283.
  48. Dargent-Molina P, Favier F, Grandjean H, Baudoin C, Schott AM, Hausherr E, Meunier PJ, Breart G. Fall-related factors and risk of hip fracture: The EPIDOS prospective study. Lancet 1996;348:145-149.
  49. Albrand G, Munoz F, Sornay-Rendu E, DuBoeuf F, Delmas PD. Independent predictors of all osteoporosis-related fractures in healthy postmenopausal women: The OFELY Study. Bone 2003;32:78-85.
  50. Riggs BL, Melton LJ. Evidence of two distinct syndromes of involutional osteoporosis. Am J Med 1983;75:899-901.
  51. Nguyen TV, Center JR, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA. Risk factors for proximal humerus, forearm, and wrist fractures in elderly men and women: the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:587-595.
  52. Lee SH, Dargent-Molina P, Breart G. Risk factors for fractures of the proximal humerus: Results from the EPIDOS prospective study. J Bone Miner Res 2002;17:817-825.
  53. Lips P, Obrant KJ. The pathogenesis and treatment of hip fractures. Osteoporosis Int 1990;1:218-231.
  54. Ensrud KE, Duong T, Cauley JA, Heaney RP, Wolf RL, Harris E, Cummings SR. Low fractional calcium absorption increases the risk for hip fracture in women with low calcium intake. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:345-353.
  55. Johnston CC, Norton J, Khairi MRA, Kernek C, Edouard C, Arlot M, Meunier PJ. Heterogeneity of fracture syndromes in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985;61:551-556.
  56. Lips P, Netelenbos JC, Jongen MJM, van Ginkel FC, Althuis AL, van Schaik CL, van der Vijgh WJF, Vermeiden JPW, van der Meer C. Histomorphometric profile and vitamin D status in patients with femoral neck fracture. Metab Bone Dis Rel Res 1982;4:85-93.
  57. Albanese AA. Calcium nutrition in the elderly: Maintaining bone health to minimize fracture risk. Postgrad Med 1978;63:167-172.
  58. Compston JE, Silver AC, Croucher PI, Brown RC, Woodhead JS. Elevated serum intact parathyroid hormone levels in elderly patients with hip fracture. Clin Endocrinol 1989;31:667-672.
  59. Riggs BL, O'Fallon MW, Muhs J, O'Connor MK, Kumar R, Melton JL. Long term effects of calcium supplementation on serum parathyroid hormone levels, bone turnover, and bone loss in elderly women. J Bone Miner Res 1998;13:168-174.
  60. McKane WR, Khosla S, Egan KS, Robins SP, Burritt MF, Riggs BL. Role of calcium intake in modulating age-related increases in parathyroid function and bone resorption. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:1699-1703.
  61. Chapuy MC, Pamphile R, Paris E, Kempf C, Schlichting M, Arnaud S, Garnero P, Meunier PJ. Combined calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation in elderly women: Confirmation of reversal of secondary hyperparathyroidism and hip fracture risk: The Decalyos II study. Osteoporos Int 2002;13:257-264.
  62. Benhamou CL, Chappard D, Gauvain JB, Popelier M, Roux C, Picaper G, Alexandre C. Hyperparathyroidism in proximal femur fractures: Biological and histomorphometric study in 21 patients over 75 years old. Clin Rheumatol 1991;10:144-160.
  63. Reid IR, Ames RW, Evans MC, Gamble GD, Sharpe SJ. Long-term effects of calcium supplementation on bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Med 1995;98:331-335.
  64. Recker RR, Hinders S, Davies KM, Heaney RP, Stegman MR, Lappe JM, Kimmel DB. Correcting calcium nutritional deficiency prevents spine fractures in elderly women. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:1961-1966.
  65. Riggs BL, Seeman E, Hodgson SF, Taves DR, O'Fallon WM. Effect of the fluoride/calcium regimen on vertebral fracture occurrence in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Comparison with conventional therapy. N Engl J Med 1982;306:446-450.
  66. Peacock M, Liu G, Carey M, McClintock R, Ambrosius W, Hui S, Johnston CC. Effect of calcium or 25OH vitamin D3 dietary supplementation on bone loss at the hip in men and women over the age of 60. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:3011-3019.
  67. Chevalley T, Rizzoli R, Nydegger V, Slosman D, Rapin C-H, Michel J-P, Vasey H, Bonjour J-P. Effects of calcium supplements on femoral bone mineral density and vertebral fracture rate in vitamin-D-replete elderly patients. Osteoporos Int 1994;4:245-252.
  68. Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Duboeuf F, Brun J, Crouzet B, Arnaud S, Delmas PD, Meunier PJ. Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1637-1642.
  69. Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Delmas PD, Meunier PJ. Effect of calcium and cholecalciferol treatment for three years on hip fractures in elderly women. Br Med J 1994;308:1081-1082.
  70. Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 1997;337:670-676.
  71. Bischoff HA, Stahelin HB, Dick W, Akos R, Knecht M, Salis C, Nebiker M, Theiler R, Pfeifer M, Begerow B, Lew RA, Conzelmann M. Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on falls: A randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 2003;18:343-351.
  72. Dursun N, Dursun E, Yalcin S. Comparison of alendronate, calcitonin and calcium treatments in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Int J Clin Pract 2001;55:505-509.
  73. Almustafa M, Doyle FH, Gutteridge DH, Hand DJ, Davis TM, Spinks TJ, Freemantle C, Joplin GF. Effects of treatments by calcium and sex hormones on vertebral fracturing in osteoporosis. Quart J Med 1992;83:283-294.
  74. Schwellnus MP, Jordaan G. Does calcium supplementation prevent bone stress injuries? A clinical trial. Int J Sport Nutr 1992;2:165-174.
  75. Honkanen RJ, Honkanen K, Kroger H, Alhava E, Tuppurainen M, Saarikoski S. Risk factors for perimenopausal distal forearm fracture. Osteoporos Int 2000;11:265-270.
  76. Holbrook TL, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL. Dietary calcium and risk of hip fracture: 14-year prospective population study. Lancet 1988;2:1046-1049.
  77. Huopio J, Kroger H, Honkanen R, Saarikoski S, Alhava E. Risk factors for perimenopausal fractures: A prospective study. Osteoporos Int 2000;11:219-227.
  78. Looker AC, Harris TB, Madans JH, Sempos CT. Dietary calcium and hip fracture risk: The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study. Osteoporos Int 1993l;3:177-184.
  79. Mussolino ME, Looker AC, Madans JH, Langlois JA, Orwoll ES. Risk factors for hip fracture in white men: The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. J Bone Miner Res 1998;13:918-924.
  80. Owusu W, Willett WC, Feskanich D, Ascherio A, Spiegelman D, Colditz GA. Calcium intake and the incidence of forearm and hip fractures among men. J Nutr 1997;127:1782-1787.
  81. Feskanich D, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA. Milk, dietary calcium, and bone fractures in women: A 12-year prospective study. Am J Public Health 1997;87:992-997.
  82. Michaelsson K, Melhus H, Bellocco R, Wolk A. Dietary calcium and vitamin D intake in relation to osteoporotic fracture risk. Bone 2003;32:694-703.
  83. Meyer HE, Pedersen JI, Loken EB, Tverdal A. Dietary factors and the incidence of hip fracture in middle-aged Norwegians. A prospective study. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:117-123.
  84. Wickham CAC, Walsh K, Cooper C, Barker DJP, Margetts BM, Morris J, Bruce SA. Dietary calcium, physical activity, and risk of hip fracture: A prospective study. Br Med J 1989;299:889-892.
  85. Feskanich D, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Calcium, vitamin D, milk consumption, and hip fractures: A prospective study among postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:504-511.
  86. Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Browner WS, Stone K, Fox KM, Ensrud KE, Cauley J, Black D, Vogt TM. Risk factors for hip fractures in white women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. N Engl J Med 1995;332:767-773.
  87. Cumming RG, Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Scott J, Ensrud KE, Vogt TM, Fox K. Calcium intake and fracture risk: Results from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:926-934.
  88. Paganini-Hill A, Chao A, Ross RK, Henderson BE. Exercise and other factors in the prevention of hip fracture: The Leisure World Study. Epidemiology 1991;2:16-25.
  89. Lumbers M, New SA, Gibson S, Murphy MC. Nutritional status in elderly female hip fracture patients: Comparison with an age-matched home living group attending day centres. Br J Nutr 2001;85:733-740.
  90. Lau EMC, Suriwongpaisal P, Lee JK, Das De S, Festin MR, Saw SM, Khir A, Torralba T, Sham A, Sambrook P. Risk factors for hip fracture in Asian men and women: The Asian Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res 2001;16:572-580.
  91. Varenna M, Binelli L, Zucchi F, Rossi V, Sinigaglia L. Prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures in a migrant population from southern to northern Italy: A cross-sectional, comparative study. Osteoporos Int 2003 Jul 10 [Epub ahead of print].
  92. Clark P, de la Pena F, Gomez Garcia F, Orozco JA, Tugwell P. Risk factors for osteoporotic hip fractures in Mexicans. Arch Med Res 1998;29:253-257.
  93. Lau E, Donnan S, Barker DJP, Cooper C. Physical activity and calcium intake in fracture of the proximal femur in Hong Kong. Br Med J 1988;297:1441-1443.
  94. Chan HHL, Lau EMC, Woo J, Lin F, Sham A, Leung PC. Dietary calcium intake, physical activity and the risk of vertebral fracture in Chinese. Osteoporos Int 1996;6:228-232.
  95. Kanis JA, Johnell O, Gullberg B, Allander E, Dilsen G, Gennari C, Lopes Vaz AA, Lyritis GP, Mazzuoli G, Miravet L, Passeri M, Perez Cano R, Rapado A, Ribot C. Evidence for efficacy of drugs affecting bone metabolism in preventing hip fracture. Br Med J 1992;305:1124-1128.
  96. Chi I, Pun KK. Dietary calcium intake and other risk factors: Study of the fractured patients in Hong Kong. J Nutr Elder 1991;10:73-87.
  97. Cooper C, Barker DJ, Wickham C. Physical activity, muscle strength, and calcium intake in fracture of the proximal femur in Britain. Br Med J 1988;297:1443-1446.
  98. Varenna M, Binelli L, Zucchi F, Ghiringhelli D, Sinigaglia L. Unbalanced diet to lower serum cholesterol level is a risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis and distal forearm fracture. Osteoporos Int 2001;12:296-301.
  99. Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK, Gerkins VR, Henderson BE, Arthur M, Mack TM. Menopausal estrogen therapy and hip fractures. Ann Intern Med 1981;95:28-31.
  100. Partanen J, Heikkinen J, Jamsa T, Jalovaara P. Characteristics of lifetime factors, bone metabolism, and bone mineral density in patients with hip fracture. J Bone Miner Metab 2002;20:367-375.
  101. Johnell O, Gullberg B, Kanis JA, Allander E, Elffors L, Dequeker J, Dilsen G, Gennari C, Lopes Vaz A, Lyritis G, Mazzuoli G, Miravet L, Passeri M, Perez Cano RP, Rapado A, Ribot C. Risk factors for hip fracture in European women: The MEDOS Study. Mediterranean Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10:1802-1815.
  102. Perez Cano R, Galan Galan F, Dilsen G. Risk factors for hip fracture in Spanish and Turkish women. Bone 1993;14(Suppl 1):S69-S72.
  103. Ribot C, Tremollieres F, Pouilles JM, Albarede JL, Mansat M, Utheza G, Bonneu M, Bonnissent P, Ricoeur C. Risk factors for hip fracture. MEDOS study: Results of the Toulouse Centre. Bone 1993;14(Suppl 1):S77-S80.
  104. Kanis JA, Johnell O, Gullberg B, Allander E, Elffors L, Ranstam J, Dequeker J, Dilsen G, Gennari C, Lopes Vaz AA, Lyritis G, Mazzuoli G, Miravet L, Passeri M, Perez Cano R, Rapado A, Ribot C. Risk factors for hip fracture in men from southern Europe: The MEDOS study. Mediterranean Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporos Int 1999;9:45-54.
  105. Kalkwarf HJ, Khoury JC, Lanphear BP. Milk intake during childhood and adolescence, adult bone density, and osteoporotic fractures in US women. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:257-265.
  106. Verd Vallespir S, Dominguez Sanchez J, Gonzalez Quintial M, Vidal Mas M, Mariano Soler AC, de Roque Company C, Sevilla Marcos JM. [Association between calcium content of drinking water and fractures in children] An Esp Pediatr 1992;37:461-465.
  107. Wyshak G, Frisch RE. Carbonated beverages, dietary calcium, the dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio, and bone fractures in girls and boys. J Adolesc Health 1994;15:210-215.
  108. Nieves JW, Grisso JA, Kelsey JL. A case-control study of hip fracture: Evaluation of selected dietary variables and teenage physical activity. Osteoporos Int 1992;2:122-127.
  109. Cline AD, Jansen GR, Melby CL. Stress fractures in female army recruits: implications of bone density, calcium intake, and exercise. J Am Coll Nutr 1998;17:128-135.
  110. Kreiger N, Gross A, Hunter G. Dietary factors and fracture in postmenopausal women: A case-control study. Int J Epidemiol 1992;21:953-958.
  111. Meyer HE, Henriksen C, Falch JA, Pedersen JI, Tverdal A. Risk factors for hip fracture in a high incidence area: Acase-control study from Oslo, Norway. Osteoporos Int 1995;5:239-246.
  112. Michaelsson K, Holmberg L, Mallmin H, Sorensen S, Wolk A, Bergstrom R, Ljunghall S. Diet and hip fracture risk: A case-control study. Study Group of the Multiple Risk Survey on Swedish Women for Eating Assessment. Int J Epidemiol 1995;24:771-782.
  113. Tavani A, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Calcium, dairy products, and the risk of hip fracture in women in northern Italy. Epidemiology 1995;6:554-557.
  114. Wallace LS, Ballard JE. Lifetime physical activity and calcium intake related to bone density in young women. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2002;11:389-398.
  115. Wooton R, Brereton PJ, Clark MB, Hesp R, Hodkinson HM, Klenerman L, Reeve J, Slavin G, Tellez-Yudilevich M. Fractured neck of femur in the elderly: An attempt to identify patients at risk. Clin Sci 1979;57:93-101.
  116. Cumming RG, Klineberg RJ. Case-control study of risk factors for hip fractures in the elderly. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:493-503.
  117. Jaglal SB, Kreiger N, Darlington G. Past and recent physical activity and risk of hip fracture. Am J Epidemiol 1993;138:107-218.
  118. Bendich A, Leader S, Muhuri P. Supplemental calcium for the prevention of hip fracture: Potential health-economic benefits. Clin Ther 1999;21:1058-1072.
  119. Heaney RP. Calcium needs of the elderly to reduce fracture risk. J Am Coll Nutr 2001;20(2 Suppl):192S-197S.
  120. Nordin BEC, Horsman A, Crilly RG, Marshall DH, Simpson M. Treatment of spinal osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Br Med J 1980;280:451-454.
  121. Cumming RG, Nevitt MC. Calcium for prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 1997;12:1321-1329.
  122. Rodriguez-Martinez MA, Garcia-Cohen EC. Role of Ca2+ and vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Pharmacol Ther 2002;93:37-49.
  123. Kanis JA. The use of calcium in the management of osteoporosis. Bone 1999;24:279-290.
  124. Shea B, Wells G, Cranney A, Zytaruk N, Robinson V, Griffith L, Ortiz Z, Peterson J, Adachi J, Tugwell P, Guyatt G, The Osteoporosis Methodology Group, The Osteoporosis Research Advisory Group. VII. Meta-analysis of calcium supplementation for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocr Rev 2002;23:552-559.
  125. Hauselmann HJ, Rizzoli R. A comprehensive review of treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2003;14:2-12.
  126. Anonymous. The role of calcium in peri- and postmenopausal women: Consensus opinion of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 2001;8:84-95.
  127. Buckley LM, Hillner BE. A cost effectiveness analysis of calcium and vitamin d supplementation, etidronate, and alendronate in the prevention of vertebral fractures in women treated with glucocorticoids. J Rheumatol 2003;30:132-138.
  128. Meunier P. Prevention of hip fractures by correcting calcium and vitamin D insufficiencies in elderly people. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1996;103:75-78.
  129. Lilliu H, Pamphile R, Chapuy MC, Schulten J, Arlot M, Meunier PJ. Calcium-vitamin D3 supplementation is cost-effective in hip fractures prevention. Maturitas 2003;44:299-305.
  130. Kanis JA, Brazier JE, Stevenson M, Calvert NW, Lloyd Jones M. Treatment of established osteoporosis: A systematic review and cost-utility analysis. Health Technol Assess 2002;6:1-146.
  131. Heaney RP, Dowell SD, Bierman J, Hale CA, Bendich A. Absorbability and cost effectiveness in calcium supplementation. J Am Coll Nutr 2001;20:239-246.
  132. Martini L, Wood RJ. Relative bioavailability of calcium-rich dietary sources in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:1345-1350.
  133. Recker RR. Calcium absorption and achlorhydria. N Engl J Med 1985;313:70-73.
  134. Institute of Medicine. Summary. In: Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1997, summary.
  135. Institute of Medicine. Uses of dietary reference intakes. In: Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1997, chapter IX.
  136. Food and Drug Admin istration. Food labeling; health claims; calcium and osteoporosis. Proposed Rule. Fed Reg 1991;56:60689-.
  137. Food and Drug Administration. Food labeling; health claims; calcium and osteoporosis. Final Rule. Fed Reg 1993;58:2665-2677.
  138. Malberti F, Surian M, Poggio F, Minoia C, Salvadeo A. Efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with calcium carbonate as a phosphate binder. Am J Kidney Dis 1988;12:487-491.
  139. Moriniere P, Hocine C, Boudailliez B, Belbrik S, Renaud H, Westeel PF, Solal MC, Fournier A. Long-term efficacy and safety of oral calcium as compared to A1(OH)3 as phosphate binders. Kidney Int 1989;36(Suppl. 27):S133-S135.
  140. Tsukamoto Y, Moriya R, Nagaba Y, Morishita T, Izumida I, Okubo M. Effect of administering calcium carbonate to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism in nondialyzed patients with chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 1995;25:879-886.
  141. Nolan CR, Qunibi WY. Calcium salts in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2003;12:373-379.
  142. Clark AGB, Oner A, Ward G, Turner C, Rigden SPA, Haycock GB, Chantler C. Safety and efficacy of calcium carbonate in children with chronic renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1989;4:539-544.
  143. Orwoll ES. The milk-alkali syndrome: Current concepts. Ann Intern Med 1982;97:242-248.
  144. Adams ND, Gray RW, Lemann J Jr. The effects of oral CaCO3 loading and dietary calcium deprivation on plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1979;48:1008-1016.
  145. Heaney RP, Recker RR. Calcium supplements: Anion effects. Bone Miner 1987;2:433-439.
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Please Join Mr. Barefoot's Efforts to Save Our Children by Eradicating Disease in America.
Please Join Mr. Barefoot's Efforts to Save Our Children by Eradicating Disease in America.
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This is an INFORMATION ONLY Web Site!
This is an INFORMATION ONLY Web Site!
This is an INFORMATION ONLY Web Site!



This web site is intended to direct the attention of both physician and patient to the torrent of scientific research being carried out on the significance of biological calcium. It is for educational purposes.

It is not intended to replace the orthodox physician-patient relationship. If you are sick, you are advised to consult a physician, and together, along with your newly gained knowledge, work toward the resolution of your illness.





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