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Scientific Publications / Calcium & Health - Blood Pressure
Scientific Publications / Calcium & Health - Blood Pressure
Scientific Publications / Calcium & Health - Blood Pressure

   

  1. Cancer Health Claims
  2. High Blood Pressure Health Claims

  3. Kidney Stones Health Claims

  4. Bone Fractures Health Claims

  5. Menstrual Disorders Health Claims



LITERATURE CITED for Calcium and
High Blood Pressure Health Claims

NOTE:  The lists share many of the same publications.

  1. Bronner F. Intestinal calcium absorption: Mechanisms and applications. J Nutr 1987;117:1347-1352.
  2. Peng JB, Chen XZ, Berger UV, Vassilev PM, Tsukaguchi H, Brown EM, Hediger MA. Molecular cloning and characterization of a channel-like transporter mediating intestinal calcium absorption. J Biol Chem 1999;274:22739-22746.
  3. Zhuang L, Peng JB, Tou L, Takanaga H, Adam RM, Hediger MA, Freeman MR. Calcium-selective ion channel, CaT1, is apically localized in gastrointestinal tract epithelia and is aberrantly expressed in human malignancies. Lab Invest 2002;82:1755-1764.
  4. Fleet JC, Wood RJ. Specific 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated regulation of transcellular calcium transport in Caco-2 cells. Am J Physiol 1999;276:G958-G964.
  5. Barger-Lux MJ, Heaney RP, Recker RR. Time course of calcium absorption in humans: Evidence for a colonic component. Calcif Tissue Int 1989;44:308-311.
  6. Cashman K. Prebiotics and calcium bioavailability. Curr Issues Intest Microbiol 2003;4:21-32.
  7. Ireland P, Fordtran JS. Effect of dietary calcium and age on jejunal calcium absorption in humans studied by intestinal perfusion. J Clin Invest 1973;52:2672-2681.
  8. Gallagher JC, Riggs BL, DeLuca HF. Effect of estrogen on calcium absorption and serum vitamin D metabolites in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980;51:1359-1364.
  9. Heaney RP, Saville PD, Recker RR. Calcium absorption as a function of calcium intake. J Lab Clin Med 1975;85:881-890.
  10. Heaney RP, Recker RR, Stegman MR, Moy AJ. Calcium absorption in women: Relationships to calcium intake, estrogen status, and age. J Bone Min Res 1989;4:469-475.
  11. Heaney RP, Weaver CM, Fitzsimmons ML. Influence of calcium load on absorption fraction. J Bone Min Res 1990;5:1135-1138.
  12. Abrams SA, Wen J, Stuff JE. Absorption of calcium, zinc and iron from breast milk by five-to seven-month-old infants. Pediatr Res 1996;39:384-390.
  13. Heaney RP. Effect of calcium on skeletal development, bone loss, and risk of fractures. Am J Med. 1991 Nov 25;91(5B):23S-28S.
  14. Bullamore JR, Wilkinson R, Gallagher JC, Nordin BEC, Marshall DH. Effects of age on calcium absorption. Lancet 1970;ii:535-537.
  15. Wolf RL, Cauley JA, Baker CE, Ferrell RE, Charron M, Caggiula AW, Salamone LM, Heaney RP, Kuller LH. Factors associated with calcium absorption efficiency in pre- and perimenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72):466-471.
  16. Pattanaungkul S, Riggs BL, Yergey AL, Vieira NE, O'Fallon WM, Khosla S. Relationship of intestinal calcium absorption to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] levels in young versus elderly women: Evidence for age-related intestinal resistance to 1,25(OH)2D action. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4023-4027.
  17. Abrams SA, Silber TJ, Esteban NV, Vieira NE, Stuff JE, Meyers R, Majd M, Yergey AL. Mineral balance and bone turnover in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. J Pediatr 1993;123:326-331.
  18. Abrams SA, O'Brien KO, Stuff JE. Changes in calcium kinetics associated with menarche. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:2017-2020.
  19. Farmer ME, White LR, Brody JA, Bailey KR. Race and sex differences in hip fracture incidence. Am J Public Health 1984;74:1374-1380.
  20. Kellie SE, Brody JA. Sex-specific and race-specific hip fracture rates. Am J Pub Health 1990;80:326-328.
  21. Dawson-Hughes B, Harris S, Kramich C, Dallal G, Rasmussen HM. Calcium retention and hormone levels in black and white women on high- and low-calcium diets. J Bone Min Res 1993;8:779-787.
  22. Drinkwater B, Bruemner B, Chestnut C. Menstrual history as a determinant of current bone density in young athletes. JAMA 1990;263:545-548.
  23. Marcus R, Cann C, Madvig P, Minkoff J, Goddard M, Bayer M, Martin M, Gaudiani L, Haskell W, Genant H. Menstrual function and bone mass in elite women distance runners. Endocrine and metabolic features. Ann Intern Med 1985;102:158-163.
  24. Berkelhammer CH, Wood RJ, Sitrin MD. Acetate and hypercalciuria during total parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48:1482-1489.
  25. Sebastian A, Harris ST, Ottaway JH, Todd KM, Morris RC Jr. Improved mineral balance and skeletal metabolism in postmenopausal women treated with potassium bicarbonate. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1776-1781.
  26. Bell NH, Yergey AL, Vieira NE, Oexmann MJ, Shary JR. Demonstration of a difference in urinary calcium, not calcium absorption, in black and white adolescents. J Bone Min Res 1993;8:1111-1115.
  27. Spencer H, Kramer L, Lensiak M, DeBartolo M, Norris C, Osis D. Calcium requirements in humans. Report of original data and a review. Clin Orthop Related Res 1984;184:270-280.
  28. Jackman LA, Millane SS, Martin BR, Wood OB, McCabe GP, Peacock M, Weaver CM. Calcium retention in relation to calcium intake and postmenarcheal age in adolescent females. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:327-333.
  29. Institute of Medicine. Calcium. In: Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1997, chapter IV.
  30. Wolz M, Cutler J, Roccella EJ, Rohde F, Thom T, Burt V. Statement from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program: Prevalence of hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2000;3:103-104.
  31. Burt VL, Whelton P, Roccella EJ, Brown C, Cutler JA, Higgins M, Horan MJ, Labarthe D. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1991. Hypertension 1995;25:305-313.
  32. Cushman WC. The clinical significance of systolic hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1998;11(Suppl.):182S-185S.
  33. Benetos A, Safar M, Rudnichi A, Smulyan H, Richard J-L, Ducimetiere P, Guize L. Pulse pressure: A predictor of long-term cardiovascular mortality in a French male population. Hypertension 1997;30:1410-1415.
  34. Kuller LH, Sutton-Tyrrel K, Matthews KA. Blood pressure levels and measurement of subclinical vascular disease. J Hypertension 1999;17(Suppl. 15):S15-S19.
  35. Gonzalez-Albarran O, Robles RG, Ruilope LM. Therapeutic implications and new perspectives for essential hypertension and renal damage. Kidney Int 1998;54(Suppl. 68):S46-S50.
  36. He J, Whelton PK. Elevated systolic blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular and renal disease: Overview of evidence from observational epidemiologic studies and randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J 1999;138:211-219.
  37. Iseki K, Ikemiya Y, Fukiyama K. Blood pressure and risk of end-stage renal disease in a screened cohort. Kidney Int 1996;49(Suppl. 55):S69-S71.
  38. Acone D, Cante D, Cillo F, Gioradano G, Giordano C. Blood pressure and progression of renal failure in the elderly. Kidney Int 1996;49(Suppl. 55):S75-S77.
  39. Kes P, Ratkovic-Gusic I. The role of arterial hypertension in progression of renal failure. Kidney Int 1996;49(Suppl. 55):S72-S74.
  40. Klag MJ, Whelton PK, Randall BL, Neaton JD, Brancati FL, Ford CE, Shulman MB, Stamler J. Blood pressure and end-stage renal disease in men. N Engl J Med 1996;334:13-18.
  41. Schroeder HA. Relation between mortality from cardiovascular disease and treated water supplies: Variations in states and 163 largest municipalities of the United States. JAMA 1960;172:1902-1908.
  42. Stitt FW, Crawford MD, Clayton DG, Morris JN. Clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiovascular disease among men living in hard and soft water areas. Lancet 1973;1:122-126.
  43. Neri LC, Johansen HL. Water hardness and cardiovascular mortality. Ann NY Acad Sci 1978;304:203-219.
  44. Folsom AR, Prineas RJ. Drinking water composition and blood pressure: A review of the epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 1982;115:808-832.
  45. Fujita T, Palmieri GM. Calcium paradox disease: Calcium deficiency prompting secondary hyperparathyroidism and cellular calcium overload. J Bone Miner Metab 2000;18:109-125.
  46. Fleckenstein-Grun G, Frey M, Thimm F, Hofgartner W, Fleckenstein A. Calcium overload--an important cellular mechanism in hypertension and arteriosclerosis. Drugs 1992;44 (Suppl. 1):23-30.
  47. Schatzman HJ. Active calcium transport and Ca2+-activated ATPase in human red cells. Curr Top Membrane Transp 1975;6:125-168.
  48. Carafoli E. Calcium pump of the plasma membrane. Physiol Rev 1991;71:129-153.
  49. Farese RV. Calcium as an intracellular mediator of hormone action: Intracellular phospholipid signaling systems. Am J Med Sci 1988;296:223:230.
  50. Dayton WR, Goll DE, Zeece MG, Robson RM, Reville WJ. A Ca2+-activated protease possibly involved in myofibrillar protein turnover. Purification from porcine muscle. Biochemistry 1976;15:2150-2158.
  51. Neerunjun JS, Dubowitz W. Increased calcium-activated neutral protease activity in muscles of dystrophic hamsters and mice. Neurol Sci 1979;40:105-111.
  52. Schanne FAX, Kane AB, Young EE, Farber JL. Calcium dependence of toxic cell death: A final common pathway. Science 1979;206:700-702.
  53. Afroze T, Husain M. Cell cycle dependent regulation of intracellular calcium concentration in vascular smooth muscle cells: A potential target for drug therapy. Curr Drug Targets Cardiovasc Haematol Disord 2001;1:23-40.
  54. Wright GL, Rankin GO. Concentrations of ionic and total calcium in plasma of four models of hypertension. Am J Physiol 1982;243:H365-H370.
  55. Bindels RJM, van den Broek LAM, Jongen MM, et al. Increased plasma calcitonin levels in young spontaneously hypertensive rats: Role in disturbed phosphate homeostasis. Pflugers Arch 1987;408:395-400.
  56. Stern N, Lee DBN, Sillis V, Beck FWJ, Deftos L, Manolagas SC, Sowers JR. Effects of a high calcium intake on blood pressure and calcium metabolism in young SHR. Hypertension 1984;6:639-646.
  57. Rao RM, Yan Y, Wu Y. Dietary calcium reduces blood pressure, parathyroid hormone, and platelet cytosolic calcium responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens 1994;7:1052-1057.
  58. Merke J, Lucas PA, Szabo A, Cournot-Witmer G, Mall G, Bouillon R, Drueke T, Mann J, Ritz E. Hyperparathyroidism and abnormal calcitriol metabolism in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Hypertension 1989;13:233-242.
  59. McCarron DA, Hatton D, Roullet JB, Roullet C. Dietary calcium, defective cellular Ca2+ handling, and arterial pressure control. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1994;72:937-944.
  60. Pokuden NI, Menshikov MY, Robertson D, Robertson RM, Orlov SN, Tkachuk VA, Postnov YV. Raised free calcium in the platelet of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Regulation by adenosine diphosphate and epinephrine. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1994;55:290-302.
  61. David-Dufilho M, Pernollet M-G, Morris M, Astarie-Dekequer C, Devynck M-A. Erythrocyte Ca++ handling in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Effect of vanadate ions. Life Sci 1994;54:267-274.
  62. Wells IC, Blotcky AJ. Coexisting independent sodium-sensitive and sodium-insensitive mechanisms of genetic hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2001;79:779-784.
  63. Pernot F, Burkhard C, Gairard A. Parathyroid cross-transplantation and development of high blood pressure in rats. J Cardiovacs Pharmacol 1994;23(Suppl. 2):S18-S22.
  64. Cappuccio FP, Kalaitzidis R, Duneclift S, Eastwood JB. Unravelling the links between calcium excretion, salt intake, hypertension, kidney stones and bone metabolism. J Nephrol 2000;13:169-177.
  65. Tisler A, Pierratos A, D'Arcy Honey J, Bull SB, Rosivall L, Logan AG. High urinary excretion of uric acid combined with high excretion of calcium links kidney stone disease to familial hypertension. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002;17:253-259.
  66. Resnick LM. Cellular calcium and magnesium metabolism in the pathophysiology and treatment of hypertension and related metabolic disorders. Am J Med 1992;93:11S-20S.
  67. Perez-Castrillon JL, Justo I, Silva J, Sanz A, Igea R, Escudero P, Pueyo C, Diaz C, Hernandez G, Duenas A. Bone mass and bone modelling markers in hypertensive postmenopausal women. J Hum Hypertens 2003;17:107-110.
  68. McCarron DA, Morris CD, Bukoski R. The calcium paradox of essential hypertension. Am J Med 1987;82:27-33.
  69. McCarron DA, Morris CD, Young E, Roullet C, Drueke T. Dietary calcium and blood pressure: Modifying factors in specific populations. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;54(Suppl.):215S-219S.
  70. Hatton DC, Yue Q, McCarron DA. Mechanisms of calcium's effects on blood pressure. Semin Nephrol 1995;15:593-602.
  71. Porsti I, Makynen H. Dietary calcium intake: Effects on central blood pressure control. Semin Nephrol 1995;15:550-563.
  72. Nuglozeh E, Roberge AG. Dietary calcium supplementation and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biochem Pharmacol 1997;53:1867-1871.
  73. Luft FC. Putative mechanism of blood pressure reduction induced by increases in dietary calcium intake. Am J Hypertens 1990;3:156S-160S.
  74. Saito K, Sano H, Kawahara J, Yokoyama M. Calcium supplementation attenuates an enhanced platelet function in salt-loaded mildly hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 1995;26:156-163.
  75. Bogin E, Massry SG, Harary I. Effect of parathyroid hormone on rat heart cells. J Clin Invest 1981;67:1215-1227.
  76. Bogin E, Massry SG, Levi J, Djaldeti M, Bristol G, Smith J. Effect of parathyroid hormone on osmotic fragility of human erythrocytes. J Clin Invest 1982;69:1017-1025.
  77. Ni Z, Smogorzewski M, Massry SG. Effects of parathyroid hormone on cystolic calcium of rat adipocytes. Endocrinology 1994;135:1837-1844.
  78. Fadda GZ, Akmal M, Lipson LG, Massry SG. Direct effect of parathyroid hormone on insulin secretion from pancreatic islets. Am J Physiol1990;258:E975-E984.
  79. Reid IR, Civitelli R, Halstead LR, Avioli LV, Hruska KA. Parathyroid hormone acutely elevates intracellular calcium in osteoblastlike cells. Am J Physiol 1987;252:E45-E51.
  80. Hruska KA, Goligorsky M, Scoble J, Tsautsumi M, Westbrook S, Moskowitz D. Effects of parathyroid hormone on cytosolic calcium in renal proximal tubular primary cultures. Am J Physiol 1986;251:F188-F198.
  81. Makynen H, Kahonen M, Arvola P, Wuorela H, Vapaatalo H, Porsti I. Dietary calcium and magnesium supplements in spontaneously hypertensive rats and isolated arterial reactivity. Br J Pharmacol 1995;115:1455-1462.
  82. Otsuka K, Watanabe M, Yue Q, McCarron DA, Hatton D. Dietary calcium attenuates platelet aggregation and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens 1997;10:1165-1170.
  83. Shaw LM, Ohanian J, Heagerty AM. Calcium sensitivity and agonist-induced calcium sensitization in small arteries of young and adult spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1997;30:442-448.
  84. Sallinen K, Arvola P, Wuorela H, Ruskoaho H, Vapaatalo H, Porsti I. High calcium diet reduces blood pressure in exercised and nonexercised hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens 1996;9:144-156.
  85. Jolma P, Kalliovalkama J, Tolvanen J-P, Koobi P, Kahonen M, Hutri-Kahonen N, Wu X, Porsti I. High-calcium diet enhances vasorelaxation in nitric oxide-deficient hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000;279:H1036-H1043.
  86. Tolvanen J-P, Makynen H, Wu X, Hutri-Kahonen N, Ruskoaho H, Karjala K, Porsti I. Effects of calcium and potassium supplements on arterial tone in vitro in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol 1998;124:119-128.
  87. Ono A, Kuwaki T, Cao WH, Kumada M, Fujita T. High calcium diet prevents baroreflex impairment in salt-loaded spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1994;24:83-90.
  88. Semafuko WE, Morris DJ. Effect of high calcium diet on the development of high blood pressure in intact spontaneously hypertensive rats and in adrenalectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with aldosterone. Steroids 1991;56:131-135.
  89. Schleiffer R, Gairard A. Blood pressure effects of calcium intake in experimental models of hypertension. Semin Nephrol 1995;15:526-535.
  90. Passmore JC, Hatton DC, McCarron DA. Dietary calcium decreases blood pressure without decreasing renal vascular resistance or altering the response to NO blockade. J Lab Clin Med 1997;130:627-634.
  91. Ono A, Ando K, Fujita T. High-calcium diet prevents salt-induced hypertension and impairment of renal hemodynamics in young spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994;23:624-628.
  92. Karanja N, Metz JA, Mercer LP, McCarron DA. Analysis of BP response and Ca2+ metabolism using the saturation kinetics model. Am J Physiol 1987;253:R501-R508.
  93. Evans GH, Weaver CM, Harrington DD, Babbs CF Jr. Association of magnesium deficiency with the blood pressure-lowering effects of calcium. J Hypertens 1990;8:327-337.
  94. Hatton DC, McCarron DA. Dietary calcium and blood pressure in experimental models of hypertension. A review. Hypertension 1994;23:513-530.
  95. Yuasa S, Sumikura T, Yura T, Takahashi N, Shoji T, Uchida K, Fujioka H, Miki S, Matsuo H, Takamitsu Y. Effect of low dietary calcium intake on blood pressure and pressure natriuresis response in rats: A possible role of the renin-angiotensin system. Blood Press 1996;5:121-127.
  96. Nakamura M, Suzuki H, Yamakawa H, Ohno Y, Saruta T. Calcium restriction accelerates salt-induced hypertension in young spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Med Sci 1994;307 Suppl 1:S138-S141.
  97. Lal KJ, Dakshinamurti K. The relationship between low-calcium-induced increase in systolic blood pressure and vitamin B6. J Hypertens 1995;13:327-332.
  98. Buassi N. High dietary calcium decreases blood pressure in normotensive rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 1998;31:1099-1101.
  99. Adegunloye BJ, Sofola OA. The effects of high dietary calcium on salt-induced hypertension in rats. Afr J Med Med Sci 1996;25:285-291.
  100. Saito K, Sano H, Furuta Y, Yamanishi J, Omatsu T, Ito Y, Fukuzaki H. Calcium supplementation in salt-dependent hypertension. Contrib Nephrol 1991;90:25-35.
  101. Butler TV, Cameron J, Kirchner KA. Dietary calcium supplementation restores pressure natriuresis responses in Dahl-S rats. Am J Hypertens 1995;8:615-621.
  102. DiPette DJ, Greilich PE, Nickols GA, Graham GA, Green A, Cooper CW, Holland OB. Effect of dietary calcium supplementation on blood pressure and calciotropic hormones in mineralocorticoid-salt hypertension. J Hypertens 1990;8:515-520.
  103. Porsti I, Arvola P, Wuorela H, Ilkka M, Saynavalammi P, Huhtala H, Metsa-Ketela T, Vapaatalo H. Effects of a high calcium diet and deoxycorticosterone on vascular smooth muscle responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 1990;8:835-841.
  104. Makynen H, Kahonen M, Wu X, Arvola P, Porsti I. Endothelial function in deoxycorticosterone-NaCl hypertension: Effect of calcium supplementation. Circulation 1996;93:1000-1008.
  105. Makynen H, Arvola P, Vapaatalo H, Porsti I. High calcium diet effectively opposes the development of deoxycorticosterone-salt hypertension in rats. Am J Hypertens 1994;7:520-528.
  106. Bravo EL, Kageyama Y. Dietary calcium supplementation prevents the development of hypertension in deoxycorticosterone-salt-treated dogs. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994;23 Suppl 2:S27-S30.
  107. Touyz RM, Rathakrishnan S, Adam E, Sonnekus M, Reinach SG, Milne FJ. The relationship between magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium and blood pressure in South African adult males. Magnesium 1989;8:145-153.
  108. Gadallah M, Massry SG, Bigazzi R, Horst RL, Eggena P, Campese VM. Intestinal absorption of calcium and calcium metabolism in patients with essential hypertension and normal renal function. Am J Hypertens 1991;4:404-409.
  109. Yamakawa H, Suzuki H, Nakamura M, Ohno Y, Saruta T. Disturbed calcium metabolism in offspring of hypertensive parents. Hypertension 1992;19:528-534.
  110. Reichel H, Liebethal R, Hense HW, Schmidt-Gayk H, Ritz E. Disturbed calcium metabolism in subjects with elevated diastolic blood pressure. Clin Investig 1992;70:748-751.
  111. Papagalanis ND, Skopelitis P, Kourti A, Kostogianni G, Karabatsos A, Gennadiou M, Thomas S, Samartzis M, Mountokalakis T. Urine calcium excretion, nephrogenous cyclic-adenosine monophosphate and serum parathyroid hormone levels in patients with essential hypertension. Nephron 1991;59:226-231.
  112. Lind L, Lithell H, Gustafsson IB, Pollare T, Ljunghall S. Calcium metabolism and sodium sensitivity in hypertensive subjects. J Hum Hypertens 1993;7:53-57.
  113. McCarron DA. Low serum concentrations of ionized calcium in patients with essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1982;307:226-228.
  114. Folsom AR, Smith CL, Prineas RJ, Grimm RH Jr. Serum calcium fractions in essential hypertensive and matched normotensive controls. Hypertension 1986;8:11-15.
  115. Resnick LM, Laragh JH, Sealey JE, Alderman MH. Divalent cations in essential hypertension. Relations between serum ionized calcium, magnesium, and plasma rennin activity. N Engl J Med 1983;309:888-891.
  116. Strazzullo P, Gallentti F, Cirillo M, Siani A, Nunziata V, Giannattasio R, Mancini M. Altered extracellular calcium homeostasis in essential hypertension: A consequence of abnormal cell calcium handling. Clin Sci 1986;71:239-244.
  117. Young EW, Morris CD, McCarron DA. Urinary calcium excretion in essential hypertension. J Lab Clin Med 1992;120:624-632.
  118. Papagalanis N, Kourti A, Tolis A, Skopelitis P, Karabatsos A, Kostoyanni G, Gennadiou M, Elisaf M, Mountokalakis T. Effect of intravenous calcium infusion on indices of activity of the parathyroid glands and on urinary calcium and sodium excretion in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Am J Hypertens 1993;6:59-65.
  119. Oshima T, Matsuura H, Matsumoto K, Kido K, Kajiyama G. Role of cellular calcium in salt sensitivity of patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension 1988;11:703-707.
  120. Blackwood AM, Sagnella GA, Cook DG, Cappuccio FP. Urinary calcium excretion, sodium intake and blood pressure in a multi-ethnic population: results of the Wandsworth Heart and Stroke Study. J Hum Hypertens 2001;15:229-237.
  121. Strazzullo P, Nunziata V, Cirillo M, Giannattasio R, Ferrara LA, Mattioli PL, Mancini M. Abnormalities of calcium metabolism in essential hypertension. Clin Sci 1983;65:137-141.
  122. Cirillo M, Strazzullo P, Galletti F, Siani A, Nunziata V. The effect of an intravenous calcium load on serum total and ionized calcium in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. J Clin Hypertens 1985;1:30-34.
  123. Gennari C, Nami R, Bianchini C, Pavese G, Lucani B, Perrone AF. Renal excretion of calcium in human hypertension. Am J Nephrol 1986;6:124-127.
  124. Hvarfner A, Ljunghall S, Morlin C, Wide L. Calcium metabolism and arterial blood pressure in a healthy population sample and in hypertensive men. Am J Nephrol 1986;6:14-15.
  125. Tillman DM, Semple PF. Calcium and magnesium in essential hypertension. Clin Sci 1988;75:395-402.
  126. Borghi L, Meschi T, Guerra A, Briganti A, Schianchi T, Allegri F, Novarini A. Essential arterial hypertension and stone disease. Kidney Int 1999;55:2397-2406.
  127. Grobbee DE, Hackeng WHL, Birkenhager JC, Hofman A. Raised intact parathyroid hormone concentrations in young people with mildly raised blood pressure. Br Med J 1988;296:814-816.
  128. Resnick LM, Muller FB, Laragh JH. Calcium-regulating hormones in essential hypertension: Relation to plasma rennin activity and sodium metabolism. Ann Intern Med 1986;105:649-654.
  129. Young EW, McCarron DA, Morris CD. Calcium regulating hormones in essential hypertension: Importance of gender. Am J Hypertens 1990;3:161S-166S.
  130. Nakamura T, Ichikawa S, Sakamaki T, Sato K, Fujie M, Kurashina T, Kato T, Aizawa F, Murata K. Effect of saline infusion on urinary calcium excretion in essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1991;4:113-118.
  131. Imaoka M, Morimoto S, Kitano S, Fukuo F, Ogihara T. Calcium metabolism in elderly hypertensive patients: Possible participation of exaggerated sodium, calcium and phosphate excretion. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1991;18:631-641.
  132. St John A, Dick I, Hoad K, Retallack R, Welborn T, Prince R. Relationship between calcitrophic hormones and blood pressure in elderly subjects. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:446-450.
  133. Jorde R, Bonaa KH, Sundsfjord J. Population based study on serum ionised calcium, serum parathyroid hormone, and blood pressure. The Tromso study. Eur J Endocrinol 1999;141:350-357.
  134. McCarron DA, Pingree PA, Rubin RJ, Gaucher SM, Molitch M, Krutzik S. Enhanced parathyroid function in essential hypertension: A homeostatic response to a urinary calcium leak. Hypertension 1980;2:162-168.
  135. Sanchez M, de la Sierra A, Coca A, Poch E, Giner V, Urbano-Marquez A. Oral calcium supplementation reduces intraplatelet free calcium concentration and insulin resistance in essential hypertensive patients. Hypertension 1997;29:531-536.
  136. Garcia-Zozaya JL, Padilla-Viloria M, Castro A. The relationship between low plasma rennin activity, low serum ionic calcium, and elevated systolic arterial tension in the normotensive elderly. Am J Hypertens 1988;1:393-396.
  137. Strozecki P, Adamowicz A, Nartowicz E, Odrowaz-Sypniewska G, Wlodarczyk Z, Manitius J. Parathormon, calcium, phosphorus, and left ventricular structure and function in normotensive hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail 2001;23:115-126.
  138. Jorde R, Sundsfjord J, Haug E, Bonaa KH. Relation between low calcium intake, parathyroid hormone, and blood pressure. Hypertension 2000;35:1154-1159.
  139. Pfeifer M, Begerow B, Minne HW, Nachtigall D, Hansen C. Effects of a short-term vitamin D3 and calcium supplementation on blood pressure and parathyroid hormone levels in elderly women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:1633-1637.
  140. Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Licata G, Resnick LM. Effects of aging on serum ionized and cytosolic free calcium: Relation to hypertension and diabetes. Hypertension 1999;34:902-906.
  141. Brickman AS, Nyby MD, von Hungen K, Eggena P, Tuck ML. Calcitrophic hormones, platelet calcium, and blood pressure in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1990;16:515-522.
  142. Hvarfner A, Larsson R, Morlin C, Rastad J, Wide L, Akerstrom G, Ljunghall S. Cytosolic free calcium in platelets: Relationships to blood pressure and indices of systemic calcium metabolism. J Hypertens 1988;6:71-77.
  143. Poch E, Fernandez-Llama P, Botey A, Gaya J, Darnell A, Rivera F, Revert L. Parathyroid hormone and platelet cytosolic calcium concentration in essential hypertension. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995;10:366-371.
  144. Cooper RS. Intracellular cations and hypertension in blacks. Ethn Health 1996;1:137-144.
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This is an INFORMATION ONLY Web Site!
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This is an INFORMATION ONLY Web Site!



This web site is intended to direct the attention of both physician and patient to the torrent of scientific research being carried out on the significance of biological calcium. It is for educational purposes.

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